Bakre korsbandsskade (PCL): Årsaker, symptomer og behandling

What is a posterior cruciate ligament injury?

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is one of the four major ligaments in the knee. It sits inside the knee joint and crosses the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). PCL

Its main function is to prevent the lower leg from sliding backward in relation to the thigh bone (femur). This posterior ligament of the knee is crucial for the stability of the knee. An injury to this ligament can range from a slight stretch to a complete rupture, affecting the function of the knee to varying degrees.

Where is the cruciate ligament located?

The cruciate ligaments, both the anterior (ACL) and posterior (PCL), are located centrally in the knee joint. They cross each other in an X-shape, hence the name "cruciate ligament". Where exactly is the cruciate ligament located? The PCL extends from the back of the shinbone (tibia) to the front of the thighbone (femur). This location means that it plays an important role in stabilizing the knee, especially during bending (flexion) and extension. The posterior cruciate ligament works together with the lateral ligaments to provide stability to the knee joint and prevent abnormal movement of the lower leg. You can also read about anterior cruciate ligament injury here.

Causes of posterior cruciate ligament injury

Posterior cruciate ligament injuries are less common than anterior cruciate ligament injuries and are often caused by:

• Direct force to the front of the knee when it is bent, such as in a car accident (dashboard injury)
• Drop to a bent knee with your toes pointing downwards
• Hyperextension of the knee
• Twisting or hyperextension of the knee during trauma
• Injuries related to sports where the knee is exposed to heavy strain

At the time of injury, the patient can often hear a distinct sound and experience immediate pain. In some cases, the injuries can be combined with damage to other structures in the knee, which complicates diagnosis and treatment. Also read about the dislocated knee .

The symptoms of a posterior cruciate ligament injury can vary in intensity. ACL injury symptoms and ligament injury symptoms often overlap, but there are some specific signs of a torn ACL in the knee. Here is an overview of the most common symptoms:

1. Symptom Description
2. Pain Often located at the back of the knee, may worsen with flexion
3. Swelling Can occur quickly after the injury (hemarthrosis)
4. Instability Feeling that the knee is "giving way", especially when walking up stairs
5. Difficulty in fully bending the knee
6. Tenderness when touching the back of the knee
7. Stiffness Especially after extended periods of inactivity
   

It is important to note that the symptoms of a posterior cruciate ligament injury may be less obvious than those of an anterior cruciate ligament injury, which sometimes leads to delayed diagnosis. If left untreated, the injury can lead to long-term instability and an increased risk of osteoarthritis.

Diagnosis and treatment

If you suspect a posterior cruciate ligament injury, you should seek medical attention immediately. Diagnosis is usually made through a combination of a physical examination, imaging (MRI or X-ray), and specific clinical tests where the doctor examines the stability of the knee.

Treatment for a posterior cruciate ligament injury depends on the severity of the injury and may include:

• Conservative treatment with physiotherapy, rest, and the use of knee braces for less serious injuries
• Surgical reconstruction of the PCL in more serious injuries such as a total rupture or for athletes with high demands on the function of the knee
• Rehabilitation exercises to rebuild strength and stability
• Use of orthotics or knee braces to support the knee during the healing process

See also rehabilitation after cruciate ligament injury .

Preventive measures

To reduce the risk of cruciate ligament injuries, including posterior cruciate ligament injuries, it is recommended:

• Regular strength training for legs and torso
• Improving landing technique and movement awareness
• Balance and coordination exercises
• Using the right equipment and knee pads when playing sports
• Special training to strengthen the muscles around the knee

These measures are especially important for people who have previously had a ligament injury or who participate in sports with a high risk of knee injuries.

Conclusion

A posterior cruciate ligament injury is a serious knee injury that requires careful diagnosis and treatment. With proper care, including physical therapy and the use of supportive devices such as knee braces, most patients can return to their normal activities. It is important to follow the rehabilitation plan carefully and be patient during the healing process to achieve the best possible results and reduce the risk of future injuries and the development of osteoarthritis. Read more about osteoarthritis of the knee .